See kostь on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "koscʹ",
"word": "косць"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Belarusian",
"lang_code": "zle-mbe",
"roman": "koscʹ",
"word": "косць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "kostʹ",
"word": "кость"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "kistʹ",
"word": "кість"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kistʹ",
"word": "кість"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "kostʹ",
"word": "кость"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kostʹ",
"word": "кость"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "kostĭ",
"word": "кость"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "kostĭ",
"word": "ⰽⱁⱄⱅⱐ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "kostĭ",
"word": "кость"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kost",
"word": "кост"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ко̑ст"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "kȏst"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "kȏst"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "kyest"
},
{
"lang": "Slavomolisano",
"lang_code": "svm",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "kost"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kost"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "kost"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "kość"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "kość"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "kość"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "kosc",
"word": "косц"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "kosť"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "kosť"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "ťüst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "kòsc"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "kôsc"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "kósć"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "kósć"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"id": "bone"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kest-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kest-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "costa",
"3": "",
"4": "rib"
},
"expansion": "Latin costa (“rib”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-",
"t": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to cut”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čerpъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čerpъ",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kerp-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerp-",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kest-, supposedly connected with *h₃ost-. Compare Latin costa (“rib”).\nMelnichuk prefers to derive this word from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to cut”) with semantic development ‘stabbed corpse’ > ‘dead body’ > ‘remnants’ > ‘bones’.\nCompare typologically Proto-Slavic *čerpъ << Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerp- < *(s)ker-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kȍstь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьjù",
"roman": "kosťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kostь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍstьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьjù",
"roman": "kosťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍstьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "*kȍstь"
},
"expansion": "*kȍstь f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kostь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "small bone",
"translation": "small bone",
"word": "kostъka"
},
{
"english": "having prominent bones, bony",
"translation": "having prominent bones, bony",
"word": "kostàtъ"
},
{
"english": "tailbone, coccyx",
"translation": "tailbone, coccyx",
"word": "kostrьcь"
},
{
"english": "skeleton",
"translation": "skeleton",
"word": "kostra"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bone"
],
"id": "en-kostь-sla-pro-noun-yNrPZX~p",
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kostь"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "small bone",
"translation": "small bone",
"word": "kostъka"
},
{
"english": "having prominent bones, bony",
"translation": "having prominent bones, bony",
"word": "kostàtъ"
},
{
"english": "tailbone, coccyx",
"translation": "tailbone, coccyx",
"word": "kostrьcь"
},
{
"english": "skeleton",
"translation": "skeleton",
"word": "kostra"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "koscʹ",
"word": "косць"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Belarusian",
"lang_code": "zle-mbe",
"roman": "koscʹ",
"word": "косць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "kostʹ",
"word": "кость"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "kistʹ",
"word": "кість"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kistʹ",
"word": "кість"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "kostʹ",
"word": "кость"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kostʹ",
"word": "кость"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "kostĭ",
"word": "кость"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "kostĭ",
"word": "ⰽⱁⱄⱅⱐ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "kostĭ",
"word": "кость"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kost",
"word": "кост"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ко̑ст"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "kȏst"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "kȏst"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "kyest"
},
{
"lang": "Slavomolisano",
"lang_code": "svm",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "kost"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kost"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "kost"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "kość"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "kość"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "kość"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "kosc",
"word": "косц"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "kosť"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "kosť"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "ťüst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "kòsc"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "kôsc"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "kósć"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "kósć"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"id": "bone"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kest-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kest-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "costa",
"3": "",
"4": "rib"
},
"expansion": "Latin costa (“rib”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-",
"t": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to cut”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čerpъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čerpъ",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kerp-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerp-",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kest-, supposedly connected with *h₃ost-. Compare Latin costa (“rib”).\nMelnichuk prefers to derive this word from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to cut”) with semantic development ‘stabbed corpse’ > ‘dead body’ > ‘remnants’ > ‘bones’.\nCompare typologically Proto-Slavic *čerpъ << Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerp- < *(s)ker-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kȍstь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьjù",
"roman": "kosťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kostь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍstьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kostьjù",
"roman": "kosťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍstьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kosti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "*kȍstь"
},
"expansion": "*kȍstь f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kostь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"sla-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"bone"
],
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kostь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kostь meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.